Thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) bars undergo controlled quenching and tempering immediately after rolling. This process creates a hard, wear-resistant martensitic outer layer and a ductile ferrite–pearlite core, delivering an optimal balance of strength, toughness and elongation. High yield strength (≥500 MPa), excellent weldability and superior seismic resistance make TMT bars ideal for reinforced concrete construction in earthquake-prone zones. They are produced in a range of diameters (8–40 mm) to suit different structural requirements.